Protection Topics

The Right based approach

Protection programme are designed according to the Right Based approach. As such, more than the needs, it is the vulnerability of specific population group toward right violation that informs ressources allocation.

Vulnerability level for each specific risk = function(risk occurrence) + function(exposure to risk of basic right violation) + function(coping capacity before or after violation)

Protection activities for UNHCR:

• Prevent occurrence of basic right violation event (Environment Building actions) &&
• Limit the effects of violation events consequences (Remedial actions) &&
• Respond to basic right violation event (Responsive actions)

Protection analysis is therefore linked to specific events linked to specific Right groups defined by UNHCR Result Based management.

Rights Group	Basic right type	Violation event
Favourable Protection Environment	Non-refoulement	Non-admission, Refoulement
-	No discrimination	Detention
-	Freedom of movement	Eviction, deportation
Fair Protection Processes and Documentation	Documentation	No issuance/renewal of residency
-	Right to a nationality	Birth Registration
Community Empowerment and Self Reliance	Livelihood	Negative coping mechanism (Prostitution, child labour, early marriage, begging, stealing,.)
-	Peaceful co-existence	Intercommunity violence
Basic Needs and Essential Services	Education	Children out of school
-	Food	Malnutrition
-	Social & economic rights	Non access to services (healh, schools, MPSS)
-	Housing, Wash & Shelter	Sub standard living conditions
Security from Violence and Exploitation	Age, gender and diversity mainstreaming	Sex & Gender based violence, child abuses

Vulnerability Profile

On each topic, the protection assessment should allow to identify the affected population’s vulnerability profile:

• Threat in terms of criticality , i.e how important is the threat compared to other. This is measured through priority ranking.
• Threat in terms of occurence in order to define magnitude
• Capacities and capabilities in order to define severity – “Severity” (or intensity) expresses the degree of unmet needs (it is thus related to shortages and deficits, as opposed to fulfillment and wellbeing) or the egree of something harmful, harsh, stern, irreversible or not desirable. As such it is expressed through a form of rating.

The vulnerability profile (combination of criticality/magnitude/severity) for each topic will allow to prioritise the relevant activities. Severity and Priority are therefore appropriate way to measure vulnerability.

The risk profile will help designing the best intervention approach for each group:

Activity	Criticality	Magnitude	Severity
Environment Building actions	++	+	-
Remedial actions	+	++	+
Responsive actions	+	-	++

Analysis Topics